WENDELL BERRY: MEDIATING BETWEEN CULTURE AND NATURE

Wendell Berry who was born in 1945 is an American poet, novelist, environmental activist and a farmer.  Berry worships nature and constantly resorts to it but not to retreat from society to a simple life of nature or to escape from social obligations. Rather, he emphasizes the need for a new view of nature that goes beyond the mystical treatment of nature. This paper aims to review Berry’s efforts as a poet to mediate culture and nature through his words. Berry emphasizes labour and the cultivation of land for he is in between the civilized and the wild. Berry argues that culture and nature cannot be separated, and his conviction of the close connection between poetry and farming can be understood accordingly. Berry made great efforts through his works to reform the relationship between civilization and the earth. Unless human society renews the vision of its relationship with the natural world, there will be little hope of substantial and permanent environmental reform. This paper is hoped to inspire other poets, especially Asian poets to promote similar ideology in their works.Keywords: Culture, meditation, nature, place, wildernessCite as: Al Jumaili, F.A.N. (2017). Wendell Berry: Mediating between culture and nature. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 2(2), 118-126.  http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol2iss2pp118-12

Syntheses of 7-substituted anthra[2,3-b]thiophene derivatives and naphtho[2,3-b:6,7-b’]dithiophene

7-R-anthra[2,3-b]thiophene derivatives (1, R = H, Me, i-Pr, MeO) are prepared in three steps (in average overall yield >50%) starting from (E)-4-RC6H4CH2(HOCH2)C=CI(CH2OH). The latter are commercial or readily prepared from 2-butyne-1,4-diol and ArCH2Cl (both costin

The Representation of Negative Mental States in the Poetry of John Keats: A Cognitive Approach to His Metaphors of Depression

Much previous research on the representation of depression and melancholy in the poetry of John Keats has taken a biographical approach, judging his poetry with reference to known facts about his life. This study is different. It takes a cognitive perspective in which metaphors of negative mental states are analysed from a conceptual point of view. To do this I adopt current approaches to analysing metaphor, primarily Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) and Conceptual Integration Theory (CIT). I make use of identification procedures and the analysis of the following elements: source domains, conceptual metaphors, and cross-domain mappings. The study is based on a selection of poems; only the parts that relate to negative mental states are analysed. I begin by focusing on two poems (‘To Hope’ and ‘Ode to a Nightingale’) while testing my methodology, and then I broaden my focus to a Keats’s whole collection of poems in the final stage of my research. Analysing such metaphorical expressions enables me to find out how these states are constructed through metaphors and what concepts are used in representing them. The cognitive methodology has proven to be a useful tool to account for the metaphorical representations of negative mental states in Keats’s poetry. The analytical investigation shows that Keats represents these abstract states in different ways. Through personification and reification, they are associated with various experiences from different domains that involve concrete and physical actions. Beside the recurrent conventional domains of darkness, gloom, cloud, weight and burden, Keats also represents negative mental states in terms of sickness. The technical medical knowledge provided to him through his former profession as a medical student enables him to establish a connection between physical illness and negative mental states. Fever, sickness, pain, ache, drowsiness and numbness are prolific domains for Keats to conceptualize negative mental states. Having established this valuable methodology, I consider future ways of applying it to study other metaphors in Keats

Efficient synthesis of 2,5-dicarbonyl derivatives of 3,4-ethylenedithiothiophene (EDTT) via addition-elimination reaction

Derivatives of 3,4-ethylenedithiothiophene (EDTT) are reported starting from tetrabromothiophene. Selective 2,5-dilithiation followed by reaction with a range of aldehydes gives diols as mixtures of diastereomers. Only the 2 and 5 positions in thiophene react leaving the 3,4-bromides for further elaboration. The diols are oxidised to their corresponding diketones using activated MnO2. Reaction with 1,2-ethanedithiol, by addition-elimination, provides access to novel monomers for the preparation of conjugated copolymers of 3,4-ethylenedithiothiophene (EDTT). A range of these monomers can be attained by applying the synthesis of a series of ketones applicable to further synthesis of ?-extended thiophene-based organic semiconductors. Finally, this new route was compared to 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) dialdehyde derivatives synthesised by an alternative to literature chemistry

Investigate of the influence for multiple resistance welding currents in austerities nickel-chromium alloys on welded joints mechanical characteristics

We have studied the shear strength, with regards to 302 “austenitic stainless steel spot welds”. It is undeniable that the current for a welding within resistance spot welding development (RSW) shows a very important character. Nevertheless, these effects of this item are popular so it has been considered widely all through literature works. Our aim in this work is to show the effect of heat treatment on different joints welded at multiple currents. The experimental results demonstrate about a tensile shear strength that could be increased together along with the increasing in refer to current. Annealing treatment increases escorted by tensile shear strength as a size of grain reforms, in addition the remaining stresses removed. Refinement of grain serves to be an operative practice for a strength improvement. With that, the tensile; shear strength could be increased through having the annealed temperature of treatment reached; 750 C°. Regardless, at 850 C°, the tensile shear strength decreases

Mechanical Evaluation of Sustainable Concrete Used in a Concrete Pavement that Production from Iron Filling Waste

In this research used iron filling as partial replacement fine aggregate at percent 5,10, and 15% by weight of fine aggregate and maintaining the ratio of water to cement at 40% and study observe that produces concrete with high compressive strength, tensile and flexural strength at replacement percent I10% and production of concrete with a lower coefficient of thermal expansion with continued replacement and thus obtaining the maximum distance between expansion joints at the rate of addition of I15%

A laboratory study of the effect of fiberglass additive on the behavioural properties of rap asphalt mixtures

The increase in the amount of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and environmental concerns for bitumen production have contributed to the use of RAP in road construction and maintenance. The use of higher than 15% of RAP adversely affects the physical and rheological properties of the asphalt binder and the mechanical properties of mixtures. Therefore, the use of bitumen and asphalt mixture improver were necessary to reduce the negative effects generated with the use of RAP. This paper aims to study the effect of fiberglass (FG) (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2%) on the mechanical properties of asphalt concrete containing 25%, 50% RAP and 9% waste engine oil. The performance of RAP asphalt mixtures incorporated with FG was evaluated using the Marshall stability test, moisture susceptibility test, and immersion wheel rutting test. The results indicated that the use of FG and RAP materials to rejuvenated asphalt mixtures resulted in an increase in the values of Marshall stability and rutting resistance. Moreover, the study revealed that increasing the content of RAP material and FG results in increased resistance of asphalt to moisture damage. This paper concluded that using 0.15% of FG and 50% RAP materials gives the best results

Composite patch reinforcement of a cracked simply-supported beam traversed by moving mass

In this study dynamic analysis of a metallic beam under travelling mass was investigated. A beam with an edge crack was considered to be reinforced using composite patch. Euler-Bernoulli beam theory was applied to simulate the time-history behavior of the beam under dynamic loading. Crack in the beam was modeled using a rotational spring. Dimension of the composite patch, crack length, stress intensity factor at crack tip and beam deflection are some parameters which were studied in details. Results were validated against those which were found through Finite Element Method

The correlation of blue shift of photoluminescence and morphology of silicon nanoporous

Porous silicon with diameters ranging from 6.41 to 7.12 nm were synthesized via electrochemical etching by varied anodization current density in ethanoic solutions containing aqueous hydrofluoric acid up to 65mA/cm2.The luminescence properties of the nanoporous at room temperature were analyzed via photoluminescence spectroscopy. Photoluminescence PL spectra exhibit a broad emission band in the range of 360-700 nm photon energy. The PL spectrum has a blue shift in varied anodization current density; the blue shift incremented as the existing of anodization although the intensity decreased. The current blue shift is owning to alteration of silicon nanocrystal structure at the superficies. The superficial morphology of the PS layers consists of unified and orderly distribution of nanocrystalline Si structures, have high porosity around (93.75%) and high thickness 39.52 µm